网站首页 编程教程 正文

iOS Foundation 框架概述文档：常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明

2023-07-25

iOS Foundation 框架概述文档：常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明

太阳火神的漂亮人生 (http://blog.csdn.net/opengl_es)

本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议

转载请保留此句：太阳火神的漂亮人生 -  本博客专注于 敏捷开发及移动和物联设备研究：iOS、Android、Html5、Arduino、pcDuino，否则，出自本博客的文章拒绝转载或再转载，谢谢合作。

Foundation 框架概述文档：常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明
Title Topic Date
基础常量參考 Foundation
Constants Reference		 A Content Update
基础数据类型參考 Foundation
Data Types Reference		 A Minor Change
基础框架參考 Foundation Framework
Reference		 A Content Update
基础函数參考 Foundation
Functions Reference		 A Minor Change
Foundation Release Notes for
iOS		 A First Version
Foundation Release Notes for OS X v10.9 A Content Update

1、基础常量參考 Foundation
Constants Reference （下面仅选出经常使用的部分，完整列表可点击此行标题转入官网链接）

NSNotFound

定义一个值，用于指示请求项找不到或不存在。

Defines a value that indicates that an item requested couldn’t be found or doesn’t exist.

enum {

   NSNotFound = NSIntegerMax

};

NSEnumerationOptions

块枚举操作的选项。

Options for Block enumeration operations.

enum {

   NSEnumerationConcurrent = (1UL << 0),

   NSEnumerationReverse = (1UL << 1),

};

typedef NSUInteger NSEnumerationOptions;

NSComparisonResult

这些常量用于指示请求中的条目怎样排序。

These constants are used to indicate how items in a request are ordered.

enum {

   NSOrderedAscending = -1,

   NSOrderedSame,

   NSOrderedDescending

};

typedef NSInteger NSComparisonResult;

NSSortOptions

块排序操作的选项。

Options for Block sorting operations.

enum {

   NSSortConcurrent = (1UL << 0),

   NSSortStable = (1UL << 4),

};

typedef NSUInteger NSSortOptions;

NSSearchPathDirectory

这些常量指定了各种文件夹位置，用于方法 URLsForDirectory:inDomains: 和 URLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error: NSFileManager 。

These constants specify the location of a variety of directories by the URLsForDirectory:inDomains: andURLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error: NSFileManager methods.

enum {

   NSApplicationDirectory = 1,

   NSDemoApplicationDirectory,

   NSDeveloperApplicationDirectory,

   NSAdminApplicationDirectory,

   NSLibraryDirectory,

   NSDeveloperDirectory,

   NSUserDirectory,

   NSDocumentationDirectory,

   NSDocumentDirectory,

   NSCoreServiceDirectory,

   NSAutosavedInformationDirectory = 11,

   NSDesktopDirectory = 12,

   NSCachesDirectory = 13,

   NSApplicationSupportDirectory = 14,

   NSDownloadsDirectory = 15,

   NSInputMethodsDirectory = 16,

   NSMoviesDirectory = 17,

   NSMusicDirectory = 18,

   NSPicturesDirectory = 19,

   NSPrinterDescriptionDirectory = 20,

   NSSharedPublicDirectory = 21,

   NSPreferencePanesDirectory = 22,

   NSItemReplacementDirectory = 99,

   NSAllApplicationsDirectory = 100,

   NSAllLibrariesDirectory = 101,

};

typedef NSUInteger NSSearchPathDirectory;

NSInteger and NSUInteger Maximum and Minimum Values

代表 NSInteger 和 NSUInteger
的最大值和最小值的常量。

Constants representing the maximum and minimum values of NSInteger and NSUInteger.

#define NSIntegerMax    LONG_MAX

#define NSIntegerMin    LONG_MIN

#define NSUIntegerMax   ULONG_MAX

2、基础数据类型參考 Foundation
Data Types Reference （下面仅选出经常使用的部分，完整列表可点击此行标题转入官网链接）

NSInteger

用于描写叙述一个整型。（这个不是一个类，而是一个宏定义，是 C 长整型的别名）

Used to describe an integer.

typedef long NSInteger;

NSUInteger

用于描写叙述一个无符号整型。（这个也不是一个类，而是一个宏定义，是 C 无符号长整型的别名）

Used to describe an unsigned integer.

typedef unsigned long NSUInteger;

NSTimeInterval

用于指定一个时间间隔，单位 秒。

Used to specify a time interval, in seconds.

下面这句原文，后半句关于毫秒部分的精度，没太明确，有懂得帮准确翻译一下，在此谢过。

NSTimeInterval is always specified in seconds;
it yields sub-millisecond precision over a range of 10,000 years.

typedef double NSTimeInterval;

NSUncaughtExceptionHandler

用于处理异常处理域之外的异常。也即系统无法捕获的异常，配合 XCode 做异常跟踪非常实用处。

Used for the function handling exceptions outside of an exception-handling domain.

typedef volatile void NSUncaughtExceptionHandler(NSException *exception);

NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler

Changes the top-level error handler.

void NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler (

   NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *

);
声明全局异常处理函数，它就是 NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *
void UncaughtExceptionHandler(NSException *exception) {

    // 获取异常相关信息

    NSArray *callStackSymbols = [exception callStackSymbols];

    NSString *callStackSymbolStr = [callStackSymbols componentsJoinedByString:@"\n"];

    NSString *reason = [exception reason];

    NSString *name = [exception name];

    // 获取系统当前时间

    NSDate * date = [NSDate date];

    NSDateFormatter * dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init ];

    [dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy年MM月dd日 HH小时mm分ss秒"];

    NSString * dateStr = [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];

    NSLog(@"系统当前时间为：%@ \n",dateStr);

    NSLog(@"异常名称：%@ \n",name);

    NSLog(@"异常原因：%@ \n",reason);

    NSLog(@"堆栈标志：%@ \n",callStackSymbolStr);

}



在应用适当初始化位置为系统设置该回调函数指针，AppDelegate 完毕启动方法中比較适合：


@implementation AppDelegate

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {

    NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(&UncaughtExceptionHandler);



NSStringEncoding


该类型代表字符串编码值。


Type representing string-encoding values.


typedef NSUInteger NSStringEncoding;



String Encodings


下面常量由 NSString 提供，作用可用的字符串编码。


The following constants are provided by NSString as possible string encodings.


enum {

   NSASCIIStringEncoding = 1,


   。。。

   NSUTF8StringEncoding = 4,


   。。。

   NSUnicodeStringEncoding = 10,


   。。。

   NSProprietaryStringEncoding = 65536

};


以上节选一部分经常使用的，从上面的链接，能够查看苹果官方文档完整部分。


可是，你会发现没有 GB2312、GBK 等编码，这个能够通过核心基础框架来解决，在基础框架中并未提供对应的编码。


CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding


Returns the Cocoa encoding constant that maps most closely to a given Core Foundation encoding constant.


unsigned long CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding (

   CFStringEncoding encoding

);



CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding


Returns the Core Foundation encoding constant that is the closest mapping to a given Cocoa encoding.


CFStringEncoding CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding (

   unsigned long encoding

);



CFStringEncoding


An integer type for constants used to specify supported string encodings in various CFString functions.


typedef UInt32 CFStringEncoding;


External String Encodings


CFStringEncoding 常量用于可能被 CFString 支持的编码。


CFStringEncoding constants for encodings that may be supported by CFString.


enum {

   。。。

   kCFStringEncodingGB_2312_80 = 0x0630,

   kCFStringEncodingGBK_95 = 0x0631,

   kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000 = 0x0632,

   。。。

   kCFStringEncodingBig5 = 0x0A03,

   。。。

   kCFStringEncodingHZ_GB_2312 = 0x0A05,

   。。。

};





kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000 是 GB 编码的最大集合，能够使用这个，用例如以下方式：


NSStringEncoding gbencoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);


3、基础框架參考 Foundation

 Framework Reference


这一部分是重点要掌握的，包含基类、二进制类、日期时区及本地化类、数值类、字符串类、字符集合类、枚举类、基本类型格式化及搜索类、集合类、错误与异常类、键值编码类、通知类、过滤和正則表達式类、XML

 和 JSON 解析、撤销与重做、定时器类、线程同步类、线程安全类、线程通讯类、网络类、文件

 之 偏好设置即用户默认设置类、文件 之 应用包及沙盒管理类、文件 之 归档与串行化类、文件 之 流类、蓝牙点对点通讯类、其他用得不多的少许类。




4、基础函数參考 Foundation

 Functions Reference


Assertions


For additional information about Assertions, see Assertions and Logging Programming Guide.


NSAssert

NSAssert1

NSAssert2

NSAssert3

NSAssert4

NSAssert5

NSCAssert

NSCAssert1

NSCAssert2

NSCAssert3

NSCAssert4

NSCAssert5

NSCParameterAssert

NSParameterAssert


Bundles


For additional information on generating strings files see “Using Strings Files for User-Facing Text” in Internationalization

 Programming Topics.


NSLocalizedString

NSLocalizedStringFromTable

NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle

NSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValue


Byte Ordering


NSConvertHostDoubleToSwapped

NSConvertHostFloatToSwapped

NSConvertSwappedDoubleToHost

NSConvertSwappedFloatToHost

NSHostByteOrder

NSSwapBigDoubleToHost

NSSwapBigFloatToHost

NSSwapBigIntToHost

NSSwapBigLongLongToHost

NSSwapBigLongToHost

NSSwapBigShortToHost

NSSwapDouble

NSSwapFloat

NSSwapHostDoubleToBig

NSSwapHostDoubleToLittle

NSSwapHostFloatToBig

NSSwapHostFloatToLittle

NSSwapHostIntToBig

NSSwapHostIntToLittle

NSSwapHostLongLongToBig

NSSwapHostLongLongToLittle

NSSwapHostLongToBig

NSSwapHostLongToLittle

NSSwapHostShortToBig

NSSwapHostShortToLittle

NSSwapInt

NSSwapLittleDoubleToHost

NSSwapLittleFloatToHost

NSSwapLittleIntToHost

NSSwapLittleLongLongToHost

NSSwapLittleLongToHost

NSSwapLittleShortToHost

NSSwapLong

NSSwapLongLong

NSSwapShort


Decimals


You can also use the class NSDecimalNumber for

 decimal arithmetic.


NSDecimalAdd

NSDecimalCompact

NSDecimalCompare

NSDecimalCopy

NSDecimalDivide

NSDecimalIsNotANumber

NSDecimalMultiply

NSDecimalMultiplyByPowerOf10

NSDecimalNormalize

NSDecimalPower

NSDecimalRound

NSDecimalString

NSDecimalSubtract


Exception Handling


You can find the following macros implemented in NSException.h. They are obsolete and should not be used. See Exception

 Programming Topics for information on how to handle exceptions.


NS_DURING

NS_ENDHANDLER

NS_HANDLER

NS_VALUERETURN

NS_VOIDRETURN


Managing Object Allocation and Deallocation


NSAllocateObject

NSCopyObject

NSDeallocateObject

NSDecrementExtraRefCountWasZero

NSExtraRefCount

NSIncrementExtraRefCount

NSShouldRetainWithZone


Interacting with the Objective-C Runtime


NSGetSizeAndAlignment

NSClassFromString

NSStringFromClass

NSSelectorFromString

NSStringFromSelector

NSStringFromProtocol

NSProtocolFromString


Logging Output


NSLog

NSLogv


Managing File Paths


NSFullUserName

NSHomeDirectory

NSHomeDirectoryForUser

NSOpenStepRootDirectory

NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains

NSTemporaryDirectory

NSUserName


Managing Ranges


NSEqualRanges

NSIntersectionRange

NSLocationInRange

NSMakeRange

NSMaxRange

NSRangeFromString

NSStringFromRange

NSUnionRange


Uncaught Exception Handlers


Whether there’s an uncaught exception handler function, any uncaught exceptions cause the program to terminate, unless the exception is raised during the posting of a notification.


NSGetUncaughtExceptionHandler

NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler


Core Foundation ARC Integration


CFBridgingRetain

CFBridgingRelease


Managing Memory


NSAllocateMemoryPages

NSCopyMemoryPages

NSDeallocateMemoryPages

NSLogPageSize

NSPageSize

NSRealMemoryAvailable

NSRoundDownToMultipleOfPageSize

NSRoundUpToMultipleOfPageSize

NSMakeCollectable


Managing Zones


Zones are ignored on iOS and 64-bit runtime on OS X. You should not use zones in current development.


NSCreateZone

NSRecycleZone

NSSetZoneName

NSZoneCalloc

NSZoneFree

NSZoneFromPointer

NSZoneMalloc

NSZoneName

NSZoneRealloc

NSDefaultMallocZone






iOS Foundation 框架概述文档：常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明的相关教程结束。
友情链接：可视对讲 深圳网站建设 游戏攻略 秘密网 视野AI

2023. 北冥有鱼 自助网站建设 个人网站制作 编程教程大全

请使用1920*1080分辨率以上以及最新版的非IE浏览器浏览以获得最佳体验！

粤ICP备2020108910号  流量统计